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Animation 6_1 |
Ethernet is a broadcast LAN technology; a computer transmits data
by sending the data across the entire Ethernet and the data is
received by every NIC attached to the network; only the NIC whose
address appears in the destination field of the Ethernet frame
delivers the frame to the attached computer; the other NICs
discard the frame.
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Animation 6_2 |
Ethernet technology employs Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision
Detection to arbitrate the use of the single Ethernet cable among
computers attached to the network; each computer waits until the
Ethernet is available (as indicated by the absence of the
carrier) before transmitting data.
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Animation 6_3 |
Token ring is a broadcast technology using ring topology; the
each computer passes bits from its upstream neighbor to its
downstream neighbor and make a local copy if its is the
recipient of the frame; the token is used to arbitrate use of
the ring among the computers attached to the network.
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Animation 9_1 |
Repeaters interconnect Ethernet segments by amplifying and retransmitting
signals from one segment to another; the resulting network of segments
is indistinguishable from a single large Ethernet as exactly the
same electrical signals appear on every segment.
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Animation 9_2 |
Bridges interconnect Ethernet segments by receiving and retransmitting
entire frames, employing CSMA/CD technology to avoid collisions and
avoiding the propagation of collisions between segments; filtering
bridges can reduce traffic by only forwarding frames on the
path from the source to the destination.
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Animation 9_3 |
Routers interconnect Ethernet segments by receiving and retransmitting
IP datagrams carried in hardware frames; routers can limit the scope
of hardware broadcasts and can interconnect network segments that
use dissimilar hardware technologies.
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Figure 10.3 |
Three computers connected to a thick Ethernet. An AUI cable
connects the NIC in each computer to its corresponding transceiver.
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Figure 10.4 |
A connection multiplexor. Although the multiplexor attaches to a
single transceiver, multiple computers can connect to the multiplexor. Each
computer operates as if it connects directly to a transceiver.
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Figure 10.5 |
Three computers connected on a thin wire Ethernet. The medium is
a flexible cable that connects from the NIC on one computer directly to
the NIC on another computer.
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Figure 10.6 |
Three computers connected to an Ethernet hub using twisted pair
wiring. Each computer has a dedicated connection.
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Figure 10.7 |
Illustration of computers in eight offices wired with (a) thick, (b)
thin, and (c) twisted pair Ethernet. Wires can run above the
ceiling or under a raised floor. A wiring closet may contain a hub
or equipment used for network monitoring, control, or debugging.
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Figure 10.8 |
Illustration of the part of an Ethernet interface card exposed
when the card is installed in a computer. The interface can be used with
one of the three basic wiring schemes. Each wiring scheme uses a different
style connector.
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Figure 10.9 |
Popular wiring categories and typical uses for each. Category
5E is an enhanced version of category 5.
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Figure 11.1 |
Optical fibers and fiber modems used to provide a connection between a
computer and a distant Ethernet. The computer and Ethernet hub both use
conventional signals.
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Figure 11.2 |
A repeater R connecting two Ethernets. The repeater connects
directly to the cable.
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Figure 11.3 |
Repeaters used to connect Ethernet segments on three floors of an
office building. Each floor has one segment, and one segment is placed
vertically in the building.
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Figure 14.3 |
An illustration of three ATM switches and the forwarding table in
each switch that allows a single VC to span the network. Only
those table entries that correspond to the VC are shown.
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Figure 19.6 |
The format for an ARP message when used to bind Internet protocol
addresses to Ethernet hardware addresses.
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Figure 19.7 |
Illustration of an ARP message encapsulated in an Ethernet frame. The
entire ARP message travels in the data area of the frame; the network
hardware neither interprets nor modifies contents of the ARP message.
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Figure 8.10 |
(a) Arrows showing the directions that data flows around
counter-rotating rings, and (b) the same network after a station
has failed. After the failure, stations use the
reverse path to form a closed ring.
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Figure 8.6 |
Illustration of Manchester Encoding used with Ethernet. A change
from positive voltage to zero encodes a 0 bit, and a change from zero
to positive voltage encodes a 1 bit.
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Figure 8.7 |
Conceptual flow of bits across an Ethernet. While transmitting a
frame, a computer has exclusive use of the cable.
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Figure 8.8 |
Three computers with wireless LAN hardware positioned at maximal
transmission distance, d. Although computer 2 will receive
all transmissions, computers 1 and 3 will not receive
transmissions from each other
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Figure 8.9 |
The conceptual flow of bits during a transmission on a token ring
network. Except for the sender, computers on the network pass bits of the
frame to the next station. The destination makes a copy.
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Figure 9.3 |
Illustration of the frame format used with Ethernet. The number
in each field gives the size of the field measured in 8-bit octets.
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Figure 9.4 |
Examples of frame types used with Ethernet (type values are given
in hexadecimal). The table lists only a few examples; many other types
have been assigned.
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Photo img1_016 |
AUI-to-thinnet adapter, used to connect a NIC with an AUI connector
to a thin Ethernet cable.
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Photo img1_017 |
Three computers, all using thin Ethernet; this picture demonstrates
that thin Ethernet can be used to connect computers that are close to
each other with a minimum of cabling.
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Photo img1_018 |
Three computers, all using thin Ethernet; this picture demonstrates
that thin Ethernet can be used to connect computers that are close to
each other with a minimum of cabling.
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Photo img1_028 |
AUI-to-thin Ethernet adapter, used to connect a NIC with an AUI connector
to thin Ethernet cabling; the thin Ethernet ends at this connection
with the terminator on the BNC connector.
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Photo img1_031 |
AUI-to-thin Ethernet adapter, used to connect a NIC with an AUI connector
to thin Ethernet cabling.
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Photo img1_033 |
Optical fiber cables connected to an ATM switch.
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Photo img1_034 |
Optical fiber connections into an ATM NIC; this computer also has
an AUI Ethernet connection just below the orange optical fiber cable.
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Photo img1_035 |
Ethernet NIC; the AUI connector is at the right hand side of the picture,
the car plugs into the bus on the backplane at the bottom of the
chassis and the electronics on the NIC transmit and receive data
through the network while the CPU performs other functions.
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Photo img1_039 |
AUI-to-thinnet adapter; this adapter is plugged directly into the
computer's AUI port, eliminating the AUI cable.
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Photo img1_051 |
AUI-to-thinnet adapter, used to connect a computer with an
AUI connector to a thin Ethernet cable.
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Photo img1_053 |
Thin Ethernet connector; the T connector attaches directly
to the mating connector on the NIC.
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Photo img1_054 |
A thin Ethernet cable with a BNC connector, a thin Ethernet terminator
and a thin Ethernet T connector.
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Photo img1_055 |
Thin Ethernet terminator.
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Photo img1_056 |
AUI connection multiplexor that attaches multiple computers to an
Ethernet through a single transceiver; AUI cables from several
computers attach to the connection multiplexor and a single AUI
cable attaches the connection multiplexor to the Ethernet through
a transceiver.
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Photo img1_061 |
Optical fiber cables connected to an ATM switch; each cable contains
a pair of fibers to provide full-duplex communication between the
switch and the attached computer.
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Photo img1_062 |
Optical fiber cables connected to an ATM switch.
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Photo img1_066 |
Cables running through conduit; individual cables can be added, replaced
or removed without disturbing other cables or the building walls and
floors; one conduit can carry more than one type of cable such as
thick Ethernet, voice telephone, 10Base-T and optical fiber.
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Photo img1_067 |
An AUI-to-thinnet adapter used to connect a computer with an AUI
connector to a thin Ethernet cable.
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Photo img2_012 |
A multiple-port router; this router interconnects 8 10Base-T Ethernets
and an SMDS WAN.
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Photo img2_025 |
An Ethernet NIC; the AUI cable attaches to the blue connector at
the right of the picture.
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Photo img3_018 |
The back of a personal computer with an Ethernet network interface
card. The card is located in the far right slot and has connectors for
twisted pair, thick and thin Ethernet type cabling.
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Photo img3_019 |
The back of a personal computer with an Ethernet network interface
card. The card is located in the far right slot and has connectors for
twisted pair, thick and thin Ethernet type cabling.
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Photo img3_020 |
The back of a personal computer with an Ethernet network interface
card. The card is located in the far right slot and has connectors for
twisted pair, thick and thin Ethernet type cabling.
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Photo img3_021 |
An Ethernet network interface card. This card has connectors for three
types of Ethernet cabling. From top to bottom they are twisted pair,
thick, and thin.
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Photo img3_022 |
An Ethernet network interface card. This card has connectors for three
types of Ethernet cabling. From top to bottom they are twisted pair,
thick, and thin.
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Photo img3_023 |
An ATM interface card for use with twisted pair cabling. The silver
box on the right edge of the card is an RJ-45 connector.
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Photo img3_024 |
An ATM interface card for use with twisted pair cabling. The silver
box on the right edge of the card is an RJ-45 connector.
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Photo img3_039 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router
has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey
cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey
serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM
interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a
FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are
connected.
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Photo img3_040 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router
has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey
cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey
serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM
interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a
FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are
connected.
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Photo img3_041 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router
has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey
cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey
serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM
interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a
FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are
connected.
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Photo img3_042 |
An in-use Cisco 7000 router with a varity of interfaces. The router
has six AUI Ethernet ports in its leftmost slot to which the six grey
cables connect. It also has four serial ports, to which three grey
serial lines connect. Further right is a single fiber optic ATM
interface identified by the orange cable. To the right of that is a
FDDI interface to which the two light grey fiber optic cables are
connected.
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Photo img3_061 |
Three 3Com Ethernet switches.
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Photo img3_062 |
Three 3Com Ethernet switches.
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Photo img3_063 |
The larger device at the bottom is a Cisco 7000 router. On top is a
Fore ForeRunner ASX-200 ATM switch with various twisted pair and
fiber optic connections.
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Photo img3_064 |
The larger device at the bottom is a Cisco 7000 router. On top is a
Fore ForeRunner ASX-200 ATM switch with various twisted pair and
fiber optic connections.
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Photo img4_010 |
The back of two FDDI concentrators (hubs) (see photo img4_013). The
top concentrator has 10 ports while the bottom one has 20.
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Photo img4_011 |
The back of two FDDI concentrators (hubs) (see photo img4_013). The
top concentrator has 10 ports while the bottom one has 20.
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Photo img4_012 |
The back of two FDDI concentrators (hubs) (see photo img4_013). The
top concentrator has 10 ports while the bottom one has 20.
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Photo img4_013 |
The front of two FDDI concentrators (hubs). The
top concentrator has 10 ports while the bottom one has 20.
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Photo img4_014 |
The front of two FDDI concentrators (hubs). The
top concentrator has 10 ports while the bottom one has 20.
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Photo img4_015 |
The front of two FDDI concentrators (hubs). The
top concentrator has 10 ports while the bottom one has 20.
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Photo img4_016 |
The front of two FDDI concentrators (hubs). The
top concentrator has 10 ports while the bottom one has 20.
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Photo img4_017 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers'
processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic
ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below
contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors.
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Photo img4_018 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers'
processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic
ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below
contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors.
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Photo img4_019 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers'
processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic
ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below
contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors.
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Photo img4_020 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers'
processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic
ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below
contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors.
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Photo img4_021 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers'
processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic
ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below
contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors.
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Photo img4_022 |
A Cisco 7500 router. The top slot is occupied by the routers'
processor board. Third slot from the top on the left is a fiber optic
ATM interface which is concealed by a dust cover. The slot below
contains 6 Ethernet AUI connectors.
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Photo img4_030 |
A Cisco Catalyst 3000 Ethernet switch. This switch has 16 10 megabit
twisted pair Ethernet jacks along the bottom. Near the top one can
also see two 100 megabit fiber optic ports covered by dust caps.
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Photo img4_031 |
A Cisco Catalyst 3000 Ethernet switch. This switch has 16 10 megabit
twisted pair Ethernet jacks along the bottom. Near the top one can
also see two 100 megabit fiber optic ports covered by dust caps.
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Photo img4_032 |
A Cisco Catalyst 3000 Ethernet switch. This switch has 16 10 megabit
twisted pair Ethernet jacks along the bottom. Near the top one can
also see two 100 megabit fiber optic ports covered by dust caps.
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Photo img4_033 |
A Cisco Catalyst 3000 Ethernet switch. This switch has 16 10 megabit
twisted pair Ethernet jacks along the bottom. Near the top one can
also see two 100 megabit fiber optic ports covered by dust caps.
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Photo img4_034 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit
fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155
megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The
last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet
ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion.
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Photo img4_035 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit
fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155
megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The
last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet
ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion.
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Photo img4_036 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit
fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155
megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The
last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet
ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion.
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Photo img4_037 |
A Cisco Catalyst 5505 switch. At the top are two 100 megabit
fiber optic ports with dust covers. In the slot below are two 155
megabit fiber optic ATM interfaces, also concealed by dust covers. The
last occupied slot contains 24 10 megabit twisted pair Ethernet
ports. The remaining two slots are empty and available for expansion.
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Photo img4_044 |
Three Cisco LightStream 1010 ATM Switches. Each has 24 OC-3 ports to
which the orange fiber optic cables connect. Each also has two higher
speed OC-12 ports connecting the three switches in a ring. The OC-12
ports are at the right of each machine.
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Photo img4_045 |
Three Cisco LightStream 1010 ATM Switches. Each has 24 OC-3 ports to
which the orange fiber optic cables connect. Each also has two higher
speed OC-12 ports connecting the three switches in a ring. The OC-12
ports are at the right of each machine.
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Photo img4_046 |
Three Cisco LightStream 1010 ATM Switches. Each has 24 OC-3 ports to
which the orange fiber optic cables connect. Each also has two higher
speed OC-12 ports connecting the three switches in a ring. The OC-12
ports are at the right of each machine.
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Photo img4_047 |
Three Cisco LightStream 1010 ATM Switches. Each has 24 OC-3 ports to
which the orange fiber optic cables connect. Each also has two higher
speed OC-12 ports connecting the three switches in a ring. The OC-12
ports are at the right of each machine.
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Photo img4_048 |
A Fore F1000 ATM switch with 24 OC-3 ports.
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Photo img4_049 |
A Fore F1000 ATM switch with 24 OC-3 ports.
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Photo img4_050 |
A Fore F1000 ATM switch with 24 OC-3 ports.
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Photo img4_051 |
A Fore F1000 ATM switch with 24 OC-3 ports.
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Photo img4_052 |
A Fore F1000 ATM switch with 24 OC-3 ports.
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Photo img4_075 |
Two examples of PCMCIA fax/modem/Ethernet adapters.
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Photo img4_076 |
Two examples of PCMCIA fax/modem/Ethernet adapters.
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Photo img4_077 |
Two examples of PCMCIA fax/modem/Ethernet adapters.
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Photo img4_078 |
The back side of an Ethernet repeater. On the left is an RJ-45 twisted
pair connector. In the middle is a thin Ethernet coaxial connector.
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Photo img4_079 |
The back side of an Ethernet repeater. On the left is an RJ-45 twisted
pair connector. In the middle is a thin Ethernet coaxial connector.
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Photo img4_080 |
The front of an Ethernet repeater shows various status indicators.
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Photo img4_081 |
A twelve port twisted pair Ethernet hub. About to be plugged in is an
Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector.
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Photo img4_082 |
A twelve port twisted pair Ethernet hub. About to be plugged in is an
Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector.
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Photo img4_083 |
An example of thin Ethernet coaxial cabling. On the left is an end
connector. On the right is a T splitter which would attach a host to
the Ethernet bus.
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Photo img4_084 |
An example of thin Ethernet coaxial cabling. On the left is an end
connector. On the right is a T splitter which would attach a host to
the Ethernet bus.
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Photo img4_085 |
The end of a twisted pair Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector.
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Photo img4_086 |
The end of a twisted pair Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector.
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Photo img4_087 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the
bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable
attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to
the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's
AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach
to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data
transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right
carries data from the switch to this host.
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Photo img4_088 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the
bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable
attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to
the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's
AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach
to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data
transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right
carries data from the switch to this host.
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Photo img4_089 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the
bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable
attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to
the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's
AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach
to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data
transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right
carries data from the switch to this host.
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Photo img4_090 |
The back of a workstation with two types of network interfaces. On the
bottom is a twisted pair Ethernet tranceiver. The yellow cable
attached to the tranceiver's RJ-45 port connects the workstation to
the local Ethernet. The tranceiver is attached to the workstation's
AUI port. The orange fiber optic cables with SC-type connectors attach
to the hosts ATM interface. The orange cable on the left carries data
transmitted by this host to an ATM switch. The one on the right
carries data from the switch to this host.
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Photo img4_091 |
A Fore ASX-100 ATM switch (historic). This switch has four ports to
which hosts are connected. Each port consists of two connectors, one
for transmitting data and one for receiving data. One can see three
free slots in which additional ports can be added. A twisted pair
tranceiver on the lower left also attaches the switch the an Ethernet
network.
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Photo img4_092 |
A Fore ASX-100 ATM switch (historic). This switch has four ports to
which hosts are connected. Each port consists of two connectors, one
for transmitting data and one for receiving data. One can see three
free slots in which additional ports can be added. A twisted pair
tranceiver on the lower left also attaches the switch the an Ethernet
network.
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Photo img4_093 |
Closeup of the ports on a Fore ASX-100 ATM switch (see photo img4_091).
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Photo img4_094 |
Closeup of the ports on a Fore ASX-100 ATM switch (see photo img4_091).
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Photo img4_095 |
A 10/100 megabit twisted pair Ethernet interface in a personal
computer. The link indicator is illuminated indicating that
the interface is connected to an active Ethernet network. The 10
Mbit/s indicator is lit, while the 100 Mbit/s indicator is
not. This shows that the network is operating in the slower 10 megabit
mode.
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Photo img4_096 |
A 10/100 megabit twisted pair Ethernet interface in a personal
computer. The link indicator is illuminated indicating that
the interface is connected to an active Ethernet network. The 10
Mbit/s indicator is lit, while the 100 Mbit/s indicator is
not. This shows that the network is operating in the slower 10 megabit
mode.
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Photo img4_097 |
A 10/100 megabit twisted pair Ethernet interface in a personal
computer. The link indicator is illuminated indicating that
the interface is connected to an active Ethernet network. The 10
Mbit/s indicator is lit, while the 100 Mbit/s indicator is
not. This shows that the network is operating in the slower 10 megabit
mode.
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Photo img4_105 |
A PCMCIA Ethernet interface being inserted into a laptop
computer. Attached to the card is a twisted pair Ethernet cable. One
end of the cable has a standard RJ-45 plug, while the end to which the
card attaches has a proprietary connector.
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Photo img4_106 |
A PCMCIA Ethernet interface being inserted into a laptop
computer. Attached to the card is a twisted pair Ethernet cable. One
end of the cable has a standard RJ-45 plug, while the end to which the
card attaches has a proprietary connector.
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